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Human Health and Environmental Relative Risks of WNV Mosquito Control Products

Appendix III. Label Information

APPENDIX III Section 1. 40 CFR Sec. 156.10 (h) Labeling Requirements

(h) Warnings and precautionary statements. Required warnings and precautionary statements concerning the general areas of toxicological hazard including hazard to children, environmental hazard, and physical or chemical hazard fall into two groups; those required on the front panel of the labeling and those which may appear elsewhere. Specific requirements concerning content, placement, type size, and prominence are given below.

(1) Required front panel statements. With the exception of the child hazard warning statement, the text required on the front panel of the label is determined by the Toxicity Category of the pesticide. The category is assigned on the basis of the highest hazard shown by any of the indicators in the table below:

Hazard indicator	Toxicity Categories
Hazard indicator	I	II	III	IV
Oral LD 50.	< 50 mg/ kg	50 to500 mg/ kg.	500 to5000 mg/ kg.	> 5000 mg/ kg.
Inhalation LC 50	< 0.2 mg/ L	0.2 to 2 mg/L	2 to 10 mg/L	> 20 mg/L
Dermal LD 50	< 200 mg/kg	200 to 2000 mg/kg	2000 to 20000 mg/kg	> 20000 mg/kg
Eye effects	Corrosive; corneal opacity not reversible within 7 days.	Corneal opacity reversible within 7 days; irritation persisting for 7 days	No corneal opacity; irritation reversible within 7 days.	No irritation.
Skin effects	Corrosive	Severe irritation at 72 hours.	Moderate irritation at 72 hr	Mild or slight irritation at 72hr

(i) Human hazard signal word--(A) Toxicity Category I. All pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category I shall bear on the front panel the signal word ``Danger.'' In addition if the product was assigned to Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral, inhalation or dermal toxicity (as distinct from skin and eye local effects) the word ``Poison'' shall appear in red on a background of distinctly contrasting color and the skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the word ``poison.''

(B) Toxicity Category II. All pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category II shall bear on the front panel the signal word ``Warning.''

(C) Toxicity Category III. All pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category III shall bear on the front panel the signal word ``Caution.''

(D) Toxicity Category IV. All pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category IV shall bear on the front panel the signal word ``Caution.''

(E) Use of signal words. Use of any signal word(s) associated with a higher Toxicity Category is not permitted except when the Agency determines that such labeling is necessary to prevent unreasonable adverse effects on man or the environment. In no case shall more than one human hazard signal word appear on the front panel of a label. (ii) Child hazard warning. Every pesticide product label shall bear on the front panel the statement ``keep out of reach of children.'' Only in cases where the likelihood of contact with children during distribution, marketing, storage or use is demonstrated by the applicant to be extremely remote, or if the nature of the pesticide is such that it is approved for use on infants or small children, may the Administrator waive this requirement.

(iii) Statement of practical treatment--(A) Toxicity Category I. A statement of practical treatment (first aid or other) shall appear on the front panel of the label of all pesticides falling into Toxicity Category I on the basis of oral, inhalation or dermal toxicity. The Agency may, however, permit reasonable variations in the placement of the statement of practical treatment is some reference such as ``See statement of practical treatment on back panel'' appears on the front panel near the word ``Poison'' and the skull and crossbones. (B) Other toxicity categories. The statement of practical treatment is not required on the front panel except as described in paragraph (h)(1)(iii)(A) of this section. The applicant may, however, include such a front panel statement at his option. Statements of practical treatment are, however, required elsewhere on the label in accord with paragraph (h)(2) of this section if they do not appear on the front panel.

(iv) Placement and prominence. All the require front panel warning statements shall be grouped together on the label, and shall appear with sufficient prominence relative to other front panel text and graphic material to make them unlikely to be overlooked under customary conditions of purchase and use. The following table shows the minimum type size requirements for the front panel warning statements on various sizes of labels:

Label size	Point size
Size of label front panel in square inches	Required Signal Word; all capitals	"Keep out of Reach of Children"
< 5	6	6
5 to 10	10	6
10 to 15	12	10
15 to 30	18	12
> 30	18	12

(2) Other required warnings and precautionary statements. The warnings and precautionary statements as required below shall appear together on the label under the general heading ``Precautionary Statements'' and under appropriate subheadings of ``Hazard to Humans and Domestic Animals,'' ``Environmental Hazard'' and ``Physical or Chemical Hazard.''

(i) Hazard to humans and domestic animals. (A) Where a hazard exists to humans or domestic animals, precautionary statements are required indicating the particular hazard, the route(s) of exposure and the precautions to be taken to avoid accident, injury or damage. The precautionary paragraph shall be immediately preceded by the appropriate hazard signal word.

(B) The following table depicts typical precautionary statements. These statements must be modified or expanded to reflect specific hazards.

I.............	Fatal (poisonous) if swallowed [inhaled or absorbed through skin]. not breathe vapor [dust or spray mist]. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing [Front panel statement of practical treatment required.].	Corrosive, causes eye and skin damage [or skin Do irritation]. Do not get in Eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wear goggles or face shield and rubber gloves when handling. Harmful or fatal if swallowed. [Appropriate first aid statement required.]
II.............	May be fatal if swallowed [inhaled or absorbed through the skin]. Do not breathe vapors [dust or spray mist]. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. [Appropriate first aid statements required.].	Causes eye [and skin]irritation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Harmful if swallowed. [Appropriate first aid statement required.]
III.............	Harmful if swallowed [inhaled or absorbed through the skin]. Avoid breating vapors [dust or spray mist]. Avoid contact with skin [eyes or clothing]. [Appropriate first aid statement required.].	Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. In case of contact immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
IV............	[No precautionary statements rewquired.].	[No precautionary statements rewquired.].

(ii) Environmental hazards. Where a hazard exists to non target organisms excluding humans and domestic animals, precautionary statements are required stating the nature of the hazard and the appropriate precautions to avoid potential accident, injury or damage. Examples of the hazard statements and the circumstances under which they are required follow:

(A) If a pesticide intended for outdoor use contains an active ingredient with a mammalian acute oral LD50 of 100 or less, the statement ``This Pesticide is Toxic to Wildlife'' is required.

(B) If a pesticide intended for outdoor use contains an active ingredient with a fish acute LC 50 of 1 ppm or less, the statement ``This Pesticide is Toxic to Fish'' is required.

(C) If a pesticide intended for outdoor use contains an active ingredient with an avian acute oral LD 50 of 100 mg/kg or less, or a subacute dietary LC 50 of 500 ppm or less, the statement ``This Pesticide is Toxic to Wildlife'' is required.

(D) If either accident history or field studies demonstrate that use of the pesticide may result in fatality to birds, fish or mammals, the statement ``This pesticide is extremely toxic to wildlife (fish)'' is required.

(E) For uses involving foliar application to agricultural crops, forests, or shade trees, or for mosquito abatement treatments, pesticides toxic to pollinating insects must bear appropriate label cautions.

(F) For all outdoor uses other than aquatic applications the label must bear the caution ``Keep out of lakes, ponds or streams. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.''

Appendix III. Table 1. Malathion Containing Products (4/16 products)
Product	EPA#	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Atrapa ULV	1812-407	95% Malathion	This Pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and aquatic life stages of amphibians. For terrestrial uses do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or intertidal areas below the high water mark. Drift and runoff may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in areas near application sites. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift on blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment site.	CAUTION ; harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through skin. Avoid breathing spray mists and avoid contact with skin.
Fyfanon ULV	4787-8	96.5% Malathion	This Pesticide is toxic to fish. Keep out of lakes, streams, ponds, tidal marshes and estuaries. Do not apply where runoff is likely to occur. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water by cleaning or disposal of wastes. Shrimp and crab may be killed at application rates recommended on this label. Do not apply where these are important resources. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment or to residues remaining in the treated area. Do not apply when bees are actively visiting the drop, cover crop or weeds blooming in the treated area.	CAUTION ; harmful by swallowing, inhalation or skin contact. Avoid breathing spray mist. Avoid Contact with skin. Do not contaminate food or feed products.
Clean Crop Malathion ULV	34704-565	95% Malathion	This Pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and aquatic life stages of amphibians. For terrestrial uses do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or intertidal areas below the high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift on blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment site.	CAUTION ; harmful if swallowed. Avoid breathing spray mist. Do not allow contact until treated surface is dry. Undiluted Spray Droplets of malathion will permanently damage automobile paint.
Cheminova Fyfanon 8EC	67760-4	81.27% Malathion	This Pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates and aquatic life stages of amphibians. For terrestrial uses do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or intertidal areas below the high water mark. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow it to drift on blooming crops or weeds if bees are visiting the treatment site.	CAUTION ; harmful if swallowed. Avoid contact with skin. Avoid breathing of spray mist.

Appendix III. Table 2. Naled Containing Products (3/6 products)
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Dibrom Concentrate	5481-480	87.4% Dibrom	This pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and wildlife. Do not apply directly to water except when used over water as labeled for adult mosquito, black fly or house fly control. For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water or to intertidal areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the high water mark. Runoff from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product to drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively visiting the treatment area.	DANGER; Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye and skin damage. May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May cause allergic skin reactions. Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapor or spray mist. This product cannot be diluted with water. This product can be used undiluted or diluted with diesel
Trumpet EC	5481-481	78% Dibrom	This pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and wildlife. Do not apply directly to water except when used over water as labeled for adult mosquito, black fly or house fly control. For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water or to intertidal areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the high water mark. Runoff from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product to drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively visiting the treatment area.	DANGER ; Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye and skin damage. May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May cause allergic skin reactions. Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapor or spray mist.
Dibrom 8 Emulsive	5481-479	62% Dibrom	This pesticide is toxic to fish, aquatic invertebrates, and wildlife. For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water or to intertidal areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the high water mark. Do not apply within 24 hrs following rainfall or irrigation, or in areas where intense or sustained rainfall is forecasted to occur with 24 hrs following application. Runoff from treated areas may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters or rinsate. This product is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product to drift to blooming crops or weeds while bees are actively visiting the treatment area.	DANGER ; Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye and skin damage. May be fatal if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. May cause allergic skin reactions. Do not get in eyes, on skin or clothing. Do not breathe vapor or spray mist.

Appendix III. Table 3. Permethrin Containing Products (4/35 products)
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Aqua Permanone (Aqua-Reslin)	432-796	20% Permethrin 20% PBO	This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from treated areas. Drift and runoff from treated areas may be hazardous may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. DO not contaminate water when disposing of equipment rinsate. DO not apply when wind speeds exceed 10 MPH. This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow drift when bees are actively visiting a treatment area. Applications should be timed to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity. Do not apply this product within 100 ft (30 meters) of lakes and streams.	CAUTION; harmful if swallowed. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Permanone 10% E.C. (Flit 10 EC)	4816-688-8323 4816-688-8329	10% Permethrin	This pesticide is highly toxic to fish. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not apply where runoff is likely to occur. Do not apply when wind speeds exceed 10 MPH. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. Shrimp and crab may be killed if application rates are exceeded. Use with caution where these are important resources. This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow drift when bees are actively visiting a treatment area. Applications should be timed to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity. Do not apply this product within 100 ft (30 meters) of lakes and streams.	WARNING; Causes moderate eye injury and skin irritation. Do not get on skin or clothing. Avoid breathing vapors or spray mist contact with eyes. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Permanone 31-66	432-1166	31.28% Permethrin 66% PBO	This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Do not apply directly to water or wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes and potholes). Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from treated areas. Drift and runoff from treated areas may be hazardous may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. Do not apply when wind speeds exceed 10 MPH. This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow drift when bees are actively visiting a treatment area. Applications should be timed to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity. Do not apply this product within 100 ft (30 meters) of lakes and streams.	CAUTION; Harmful if swallowed, absorbed through skin or inhaled. Prolonged or repeated contact may cause allergic reactions in some individuals. Avoid breathing vapors or spray mist contact with eyes. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Permanone RTU	432-1182	3.98% Permethrin 8.48% PBO	This pesticide is extremely toxic to fish. Avoid direct application to lakes, streams, ponds, tidal marshes and estuaries. Do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Drift and runoff from treated areas may be hazardous may be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas. Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters. Apply this product only as specified on this label. This pesticide is highly toxic to bees exposed to direct treatment on blooming crops or weeds. Do not apply this product or allow drift when bees are actively visiting a treatment area. Applications should be timed to provide the maximum possible interval between treatment and the next period of bee activity. Do not apply this product within 100 ft (30 meters) of lakes and streams.	CAUTION; Harmful if absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Appendix III. Table 4. Phenothrin Containing Products (1/35 products )
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Anvil 10+10	1021-1688-8329	10% Phenothrin 10% PBO	Do not contaminate untreated water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of waste must be done inn a manner that avoids contamination of bodies of water or wetlands/ This product is toxic to fish. For terrestrial uses, do not apply directly to water or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark.	CAUTION: Harmful if absorbed through skin.

Appendix III. Table 5. Resmethrin Containing Products (2/35 products )
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Scourge 18%+54% MF	432-667	18% Resmethrin 54% PBO	This product is toxic to fish and birds. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated.. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of waste. Application of this product to any body of water is prohibited. Spray parks, campsites, woodlands, athletic fields, golf courses, swamps, tidal marshes, residential areas and municipalities, around the outside of apartment buildings, restaurants, stores, and warehouses. Do not spray on cropland, feed or foodstuffs. Avoid direct application over lakes, ponds and streams.	CAUTION: Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin eyes or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Aerial and Ground ULV mix with soybean oil, light mineral oil or other solvent (not water)
Scourge 4%+12% MF	432-716	4.14% Resmethrin 12.42% PBO	This product is toxic to fish and birds. Do not apply when weather conditions favor drift from areas treated. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposal of waste. Application of this product to any body of water is prohibited. May be used as a mosquito adulticide in recreational and residential areas, and in municipalities, around the outside of apartment buildings, golf courses, athletic fields, parks, campsites, woodlands, swamps, tidal marshes, and overgrown waste areas. Do not spray on cropland, feed or foodstuffs. Avoid direct application over lakes, ponds and streams.	CAUTION: Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin eyes or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Aerial and Ground May mix with soybean oil, light mineral oil or other solvent (not water) or RTU

*Appendix III. Table 6. Bacillus thuringiensis* variety israelensis Containing Products**
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Vectobac CG	73049-19	Granular	Do not directly to treated finished drinking water reservoirs or drinking water receptacles	CAUTION ; If in eyes flush with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
VectobacG	73049-10	Granular	Do not directly to treated finished drinking water reservoirs or drinking water receptacles	CAUTION ; If in eyes flush with plenty of water. Get medical attention if irritation persists.
BMP 144 (2x)	62637-1	Aqueous suspension	May be applied to any water sites except for finished drinking water reservoirs or drinking water receptacles	CAUTION ; Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Avoid breathing spray mist. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Vectobac 12 AS	73049-38	Aqueous suspension	Do not apply when conditions favor drift from treated areas. Do not apply to metallic painted objects, such as automobiles as spotting may occur. If spray is deposited on metallic painted surfaces wash immediately with soap and water to avoid spotting	CAUTION ; Harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.

*Appendix III. Table 7. Bacillus sphaericus* Containing Products**
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Vectolex CG Biological Larvicide	73049-20	Granular	Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters or rinsate.	CAUTION; Harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.
Vectolex WDG	73049-57	Water dispersible granular	Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters or rinsate.	CAUTION; Harmful if absorbed through skin. Causes moderate eye irritation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. As a general precaution when exposed to potentially high concentrations of living microorganisms such as this, all mixer/loaders and applicators not in enclosed cabs or aircraft must wear a dust/mist filtering respirator meeting NIOSH standards of at least N-95, R-95 or P-95.

Appendix III. Table 8. Methoprene Containing Products
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Zoecon Altosid Briquets	2724-375	Briquets	This product is toxic to aquatic dipteran. Using it in a manner other than that prescribed on the label could result in harm to aquatic dipteran. Do not contaminate water when disposing of rinsate or equipment wash waters.	CAUTION: None listed
Zoecon Altosid XR Briquet	2724-421	Briquets	This product is toxic to aquatic dipteran. Using it in a manner other than that prescribed on the label could result in harm to aquatic dipteran. Do not contaminate water when disposing of rinsate or equipment wash waters.	CAUTION: None listed
Zoecon Altosid pellets	2724-448	Pellets	This product is toxic to aquatic dipteran (mosquitoes) and chironmid (midge) larvae. Using it in a manner other than that prescribed on the label could result in harm to aquatic dipteran. Do not contaminate water when disposing of rinsate or equipment wash waters.	CAUTION: None listed
Zoecon Altosid XR-G	2724-451	Granular	This product is toxic to aquatic dipteran (mosquitoes) and chironmid (midge) larvae. Using it in a manner other than that prescribed on the label could result in harm to aquatic dipteran (mosquitoes) and chironmid (midge). Do not contaminate water when disposing of rinsate or equipment wash waters.	CAUTION: None listed

Appendix III. Table 9. POE MMF Containing Product
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Agnique Monomolecular film (MMF)	53263-28	Liquid	Do not contaminate water, food or feed by storage or disposal	CAUTION: Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Appendix III. Table 10. Temephos Containing Products
Product	EPA #	Formulation	Environmental Hazards	Human Health precautions and other information
Skeeter Abate 5%	8329-15	5% Granular	This product is toxic to birds and fish. Fish and other aquatic organisms in water treated with this product may be killed. You must consult your State Fish and Game Agency before applying this product to waters or wetlands. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposing of waste.	WARNING: Causes substantial but temporary eye injury. Harmful if absorbed through skin. Do not get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Wear goggles or face shield. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Skeeter Abate 2%	8329-16	2% Granular	This product is toxic to birds and fish. Fish and other aquatic organisms in water treated with this product may be killed. You must consult your State Fish and Game Agency before applying this product to waters or wetlands. Do not contaminate water by cleaning of equipment or disposing of waste.	CAUTION: Avoid breathing dust. Avoid contact with eyes skin or clothing. Wash thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Do not contaminate food or feed products..

Appendix IV: Toxicity Review